1. PCI奼囨祦鎺掓槸浠涔堟剰鎬濓紵奼囨祦鎺掍唬琛ㄤ粈涔堟剰鎬濓紵
PCI奼囨祦鎺
PCI鎶鏈瑙勬牸綆浠
浠1992騫村壋絝嬭勮寖鍒板備粖錛孭CI奼囨祦鎺掑凡鎴愪負浜嗚＄畻鏈虹殑涓縐嶆爣鍑嗘眹嫻佹帓銆傜敱PCI奼囨祦鎺掓瀯鎴愮殑鏍囧噯緋葷粺緇撴瀯濡傚浘涓鎵紺恆
PCI奼囨祦鎺掑彇浠ｄ簡鏃╁厛鐨処SA奼囨祦鎺掋傚綋鐒朵笌鍦≒CI奼囨祦鎺掑悗闈㈠嚭鐜頒笓闂ㄧ敤浜庢樉紺哄崱鐨凙GP奼囨祦鎺掞紝涓庣幇鍦≒CI Express奼囨祦鎺掞紝浣嗘槸PCI鑳戒粠1992鐢ㄥ埌鐜板湪錛岃存槑浠栨湁璁稿氫紭鐐癸紝姣斿傚嵆鎻掑嵆鐢(Plug and Play)銆佷腑鏂鍏變韓絳夈傚湪榪欓噷鎴戜滑瀵筆CI奼囨祦鎺掑仛涓涓娣卞叆鐨勪粙緇嶃
浠庤祫鏂欏藉害涓婄湅錛孭CI奼囨祦鎺掓湁32bit銆64bit涔嬪垎錛涗粠奼囨祦鎺掗熷害涓婂垎錛屾湁33MHz銆66MHz涓ょ嶃傜洰鍓嶆祦琛岀殑鏄32bit @ 33MHz錛岃64bit緋葷粺姝ｅ湪鏅鍙婁腑銆傛敼鑹鐨凱CI緋葷粺錛孭CI-X錛屾渶楂樺彲浠ヨ揪鍒64bit @ 133MHz錛岃繖鏍峰氨鍙浠ュ緱鍒拌秴榪1GB/s鐨勮祫鏂欎紶杈撻熺巼銆傚傛灉娌℃湁鐗規畩璇存槑錛屼互涓嬬殑璁ㄨ轟互32bit @ 33MHz涓轟緥銆
涓銆佸熀鏈姒傚康
涓嶅悓浜嶪SA奼囨祦鎺掞紝PCI奼囨祦鎺掔殑鍦板潃奼囨祦鎺掍笌璧勬枡奼囨祦鎺掓槸鍒嗘椂澶嶇敤鐨勩傝繖鏍峰仛鐨勫ソ澶勬槸錛屼竴鏂歸潰鍙浠ヨ妭鐪佹帴澶栨寕鐨勭¤剼鏁幫紝鍙︿竴鏂歸潰渚誇簬瀹炵幇紿佸彂璧勬枡浼犺緭銆傚湪鍋氳祫鏂欎紶杈撴椂錛岀敱涓涓狿CI瑁呯疆鍋氬彂璧瘋(涓繪帶錛孖nitiator鎴朚aster)錛岃屽彟涓涓狿CI瑁呯疆鍋氱洰鏍(浠庤呯疆錛孴arget鎴朣lave)銆傛葷嚎涓婄殑鎵鏈夋椂搴忕殑浜х敓涓庢帶鍒訛紝閮界敱Master鏉ュ彂璧楓侾CI奼囨祦鎺掑湪鍚屼竴鏃跺埢鍙鑳戒緵涓瀵硅呯疆瀹屾垚浼犺緭錛岃繖灝辮佹眰鏈変竴涓浠茶佹満鏋(Arbiter)錛屾潵鍐沖畾鍦ㄨ皝鏈夋潈鍔涙嬁鍒版眹嫻佹帓鐨勪富鎺ф潈銆
32bit PCI緋葷粺鐨勭¤剼鎸夊姛鑳芥潵鍒嗘湁浠ヤ笅鍑犵被錛
緋葷粺鎺у埗錛 CLK錛孭CI鏃墮挓錛屼笂鍗囨部鏈夋晥
RST 錛孯eset璁鍙
浼犺緭鎺у埗錛 FRAME#錛屾爣蹇椾紶杈撳紑濮嬩笌緇撴潫
IRDY#錛孧aster鍙浠ヤ紶杈撹祫鏂欑殑鏍囧織
DEVSEL#錛屽綋Slave鍙戠幇鑷宸辮瀹氬潃鏃剁疆浣庡簲絳
TRDY#錛孲lave鍙浠ヨ漿杈撹祫鏂欑殑鏍囧織
STOP#錛孲lave涓誨姩緇撴潫浼犺緭璧勬枡鐨勮鍙
IDSEL錛屽湪鍗蟲彃鍗崇敤緋葷粺鍚鍔ㄦ椂鐢ㄤ簬閫変腑鏉垮崱鐨勮鍙
鍦板潃涓庤祫鏂欐眹嫻佹帓錛 AD[31::0]錛屽湴鍧/璧勬枡鍒嗘椂澶嶇敤奼囨祦鎺
C/BE#[3::0]錛屽懡浠/浣嶅厓緇勪嬌鑳借鍙
PAR錛屽囧伓鏍￠獙璁鍙
浠茶佸彿錛 REQ#錛孧aster鐢ㄦ潵璇鋒眰奼囨祦鎺掍嬌鐢ㄦ潈鐨勮鍙
GNT#錛孉rbiter鍏佽窶aster寰楀埌奼囨祦鎺掍嬌鐢ㄦ潈鐨勮鍙
閿欒鎶ュ憡錛 PERR#錛岃祫鏂欏囧伓鏍￠獙閿
SERR#錛岀郴緇熷囧伓鏍￠獙閿
褰揚CI奼囨祦鎺掕繘琛屾搷浣滄椂錛屽彂璧瘋(Master)鍏堢疆REQ#錛屽綋寰楀埌浠茶佸櫒(Arbiter)鐨勮稿彲鏃(GNT#)錛屼細灝咶RAME#緗浣庯紝騫跺湪AD鎬葷嚎涓婃斁緗甋lave鍦板潃錛屽悓鏃禖/BE#鏀劇疆鍛戒護璁鍙鳳紝璇存槑鎺ヤ笅鏉ョ殑浼犺緭鍨嬪埆銆傛墍鏈塒CI鎬葷嚎涓婅呯疆閮介渶瀵規ゅ湴鍧璇戠爜錛岃閫変腑鐨勮呯疆瑕佺疆DEVSEL#浠ュｅ憡鑷宸辮閫変腑銆傜劧鍚庡綋IRDY#涓嶵RDY#閮界疆浣庢椂錛屽彲浠ヤ紶杈撹祫鏂欍傚綋Master璧勬枡浼犺緭緇撴潫鍓嶏紝灝咶RAME#緗楂樹互鏍囨槑鍙鍓╂渶鍚庝竴緇勮祫鏂欒佷紶杈擄紝騫跺湪浼犲畬璧勬枡鍚庢斁寮IRDY#浠ラ噴鏀炬眹嫻佹帓鎺у埗鏉冦
榪欓噷鎴戜滑鍙浠ョ湅鍑猴紝PCI奼囨祦鎺掔殑浼犺緭鏄寰堥珮鏁堢殑錛屽彂鍑轟竴緇勫湴鍧鍚庯紝鐞嗘兂鐘舵佷笅鍙浠ヨ繛緇鍙戣祫鏂欙紝宄板奸熺巼涓132MB/s銆傚疄闄呬笂錛岀洰鍓嶆祦琛岀殑33M@32bit鍖楁ˉ鏅剁墖涓鑸鍙浠ュ仛鍒100MB/s鐨勮繛緇浼犺緭銆
浜屻佸嵆鎻掑嵆鐢ㄧ殑瀹炵幇
鎵璋撳嵆鎻掑嵆鐢錛屾槸鎸囧綋鏉垮崱鎻掑叆緋葷粺鏃訛紝緋葷粺浼氳嚜鍔ㄥ規澘鍗℃墍闇璧勬簮榪涜屽垎閰嶏紝濡傚熀鍦板潃銆佷腑鏂鍙風瓑錛屽苟鑷鍔ㄥ繪壘鐩稿簲鐨勯┍鍔ㄧ▼寮忋傝屼笉璞℃棫鐨処SA鏉垮崱錛岄渶瑕佽繘琛屽嶆潅鐨勬墜鍔ㄩ厤緗銆
瀹為檯鐨勫疄鐜拌繙姣旇磋搗鏉ヨ佸嶆潅銆傚湪PCI鏉垮崱涓錛屾湁涓緇勬殏瀛樺櫒錛屽彨"閰嶇疆絀洪棿"(Configuration Space)錛岀敤鏉ュ瓨鏀懼熀鍦板潃涓庤板繂浣撳湴鍧錛屼互鍙婁腑鏂絳夎祫璁銆
浠ヨ板繂浣撳湴鍧涓轟緥銆傚綋涓婄數鏃訛紝鏉垮崱浠嶳OM閲岃誨彇鍥哄畾鐨勫兼斁鍒版殏瀛樺櫒涓錛屽瑰簲璁板繂浣撶殑鍦版柟鏀劇疆鐨勬槸闇瑕佸垎閰嶇殑璁板繂 *** 鍏冪粍鏁扮瓑璧勮銆備綔涓氱郴緇熻佽窡鎹榪欎釜璧勮鍒嗛厤璁板繂浣擄紝騫跺湪鍒嗛厤鎴愬姛鍚庢妸鐩稿簲鐨勬殏瀛樺櫒涓濉鍏ヨ板繂浣撶殑璧峰嬪湴鍧銆傝繖鏍峰氨涓嶅繀鎵嬪伐璁懼畾寮鍏蟲潵鍒嗛厤璁板繂浣撴垨鍩哄湴鍧浜嗐傚逛簬涓鏂鐨勫垎閰嶄篃涓庢ょ被浼箋
涓夈佷腑鏂鍏變韓鐨勫疄鐜
ISA鍗＄殑涓涓閲嶈佸矓闄愬湪浜庝腑鏂鏄鐙鍗犵殑錛岃屾垜浠鐭ラ亾璁＄畻鏈虹殑涓鏂鍙峰彧鏈16涓錛岀郴緇熷張鐢ㄦ帀浜嗕竴浜涳紝榪欐牱褰撴湁澶氬潡ISA鍗¤佺敤涓鏂鏃跺氨浼氭湁闂棰樹簡銆
PCI奼囨祦鎺掔殑涓鏂鍏變韓鐢辯‖浣撲笌杞浣撲袱閮ㄥ垎緇勬垚銆
紜浣撲笂錛岄噰鐢ㄧ數騫寵Е鍙戠殑鍔炴硶錛氫腑鏂璁鍙峰湪緋葷粺涓渚х敤鐢甸樆鎺ラ珮錛岃岃佷駭鐢熶腑鏂鐨勬澘鍗′笂鍒╃敤涓夋瀬浣撶殑闆嗙數鏋佸皢璁鍙鋒媺浣庛傝繖鏍蜂笉綆℃湁鍑犲潡鏉誇駭鐢熶腑鏂錛屼腑鏂璁鍙烽兘鏄浣庯紱鑰屽彧鏈夊綋鎵鏈夋澘鍗＄殑涓鏂閮藉緱鍒板勭悊鍚庯紝涓鏂璁鍙鋒墠浼氬洖澶嶉珮鐢靛鉤銆
杞浣撲笂錛岄噰鐢ㄤ腑鏂閾劇殑鏂規硶錛氬亣璁劇郴緇熷惎鍔ㄦ椂錛屽彂鐜版澘鍗A鐢ㄤ簡涓鏂7錛屽氨浼氬皢涓鏂7瀵瑰簲鐨勮板繂浣撳尯鎸囧悜A鍗″瑰簲鐨勪腑鏂鏈嶅姟紼嬪紡鍏ュ彛ISR_A錛涚劧鍚庣郴緇熷彂鐜版澘鍗B涔熺敤涓鏂7錛岃繖鏃跺氨浼氬皢涓鏂7瀵瑰簲鐨勮板繂浣撳尯鎸囧悜ISR_B錛屽悓鏃跺皢ISR_B鐨勭粨鏉熸寚鍚慖SR_A銆備互姝ょ被鎺錛屽氨浼氬艦鎴愪竴涓涓鏂閾俱傝屽綋鏈変腑鏂鍙戠敓鏃訛紝緋葷粺璺寵漿鍒頒腑鏂7瀵瑰簲鐨勮板繂浣擄紝涔熷氨鏄疘SR_B銆侷SR_B灝辮佹鏌ユ槸涓嶆槸B鍗＄殑涓鏂錛屽傛灉鏄錛岃佸勭悊錛屽苟灝嗘澘鍗′笂鐨勬媺浣庣數璺鏀懼紑錛涘傛灉涓嶆槸錛屽垯鍛煎彨ISR_A銆傝繖鏍峰氨瀹屾垚浜嗕腑鏂鐨勫叡浜銆
閫氳繃浠ヤ笂璁ㄨ猴紝鎴戜滑涓嶉毦鐪嬪嚭錛孭CI奼囨祦鎺掓湁鐫鏋佸ぇ鐨勭殑浼樺娍銆傝岃繎騫存潵鐨勫競鍦烘儏鍐典篃璇佸疄浜嗚繖涓鐐廣
PCI:鍛ㄨ竟鍏冧歡鎵╁厖濂椾歡浠嬮潰
鎽樻湁鍏寵祫鏂欐墍榪幫細S7400鐨勬ā緇勬槸浣跨敤鏈烘灦涓婄殑奼囨祦鎺掕繛綰胯搗鏉ョ殑銆傛満鏋朵笂鐨凱奼囨祦鎺掞紙I/O奼囨祦鎺掞級鐢ㄤ簬I/O璁鍙風殑楂橀熶氦鎹㈠拰瀵硅鍙鋒ā緇勭殑楂橀熻塊棶銆侰奼囨祦鎺掞紙閫氳奼囨祦鎺掞紝鎴栫ОK奼囨祦鎺掞級鐢ㄤ簬鍦–奼囨祦鎺掑悇絝欎箣闂寸殑楂橀熼氳璧勬枡浜ゆ崲錛孋鍜孠鍒嗗埆鏄鑻辮鍗曡瘝Communication鍜屽痙璇鍗曡瘝Kommunikation(閫氳錛夌殑緙╁啓銆備袱縐嶆眹嫻佹帓鍒嗗紑鍚庯紝鎺у埗鍜岄氳鍒嗗埆鏈夊悇鑷鐨勮祫鏂欓氶亾錛岄氳浠誨姟涓嶄細褰卞搷鎺у埗鐨勫揩閫熸с
[AMBA AHB-Lite]
AHB-Lite
AHB: Advanced High-performance Bus
鐢ㄤ簬楂樿〃鐜板姏楂榗lock棰戠巼鐨勭郴緇. 鏈緇忓父鐨勪嬌鐢ㄦ槸榪炵嚎 internal memeory device, external memory interface, 浠ュ強 high bandwidth 澶栧洿. 鍏跺熀鏈緇勫厓鏄: Master, Slave, Decoder, Multiplexor.
鍦 address/control phase 涓 data phase 涓, 瀛樺湪 fixed pipeline.
AHB: 浠呬粎鏀鎻 AMBA AXI protocol 鐨勫姛鑳藉瓙闆(subset).
AHB-Lite: 濡傛灉闄ゅ幓鍦 master 涓 slave IP 寮鍙戜腑涓嶉渶瑕佺殑閮ㄥ垎, 鍒 AHB protocol 鐨勮繖涓 subset 鍒欏畾涔変負 AHB-Lite.
USS鍚屾椂涔熸槸鏄熼檯鑱旈偊椋炶埞鐨勮瘑鍒鐮侊紝鎴栬呮槦闄呰仈閭︾殑綆縐般傛瘮濡備紒涓氬彿灝辨槸 USS NCC-1701.銆
USS鍗忚鍩烘湰姒傚康
USS 鍗忚錛圲niversal Serial Interface Protocol 閫氱敤搴忓垪浠嬮潰鍗忚錛夋槸SIEMENS 鍏鍙告墍鏈変紶鍔ㄤ駭鍝佺殑閫氱敤閫氳鍗忚錛屽畠鏄涓縐嶅熀浜庡簭鍒楁眹嫻佹帓榪涜岃祫鏂欓氳鐨勫崗璁銆俇SS鍗忚鏄涓-浠庣粨鏋勭殑鍗忚錛岃勫畾浜嗗湪USS 鎬葷嚎涓婂彲浠ユ湁涓涓涓葷珯鍜屾渶澶31 涓浠庣珯錛涙葷嚎涓婄殑姣忎釜浠庣珯閮芥湁涓涓絝欏湴鍧錛堝湪浠庣珯寮曟暟涓璁懼畾錛夛紝涓葷珯渚濋潬瀹冭瘑鍒姣忎釜浠庣珯錛涙瘡涓浠庣珯涔熷彧瀵逛富絝欏彂鏉ョ殑鎶 *** 鍑哄搷搴斿苟鍥為佹姤鏂囷紝浠庣珯涔嬮棿涓嶈兘鐩存帴榪涜岃祫鏂欓氳銆傚彟澶栵紝榪樻湁涓縐嶅箍鎾閫氳鏂瑰紡錛屼富絝欏彲浠ュ悓鏃剁粰鎵鏈変粠絝欎紶閫佹姤鏂囷紝浠庣珯鍦ㄦ帴鏀墮亾鎶ユ枃騫跺仛鍑虹浉搴旂殑鍝嶅簲鍚庡彲涓嶅洖閫佹姤鏂囥
HyperTransport鎶鏈鏄涓縐嶉珮閫熺偣瀵圭偣奼囨祦鎺掓妧鏈錛屾瘡涓狧yperTransport鍏鋒湁涓や釜鍗曞悜鐨勭偣瀵圭偣榪炵粨銆傝佹敞鎰忕殑鏄疕yperTransport騫朵笉鏄疨C鐨勪笓鍒╋紝瀹冨湪鍏跺畠棰嗗煙涔熷箍涓哄簲鐢ㄣ侶yperTransport鑳藉熸彁渚400MHz鐨処/O宸ヤ綔棰戠巼鍜800MHz鐨凜PU鍒癈PU宸ヤ綔棰戠巼錛岃繖琚縐頒負"double pumped"錛屽疄闄呬笂灝辨槸鍦ㄦ椂閽熺殑涓婂崌娌垮拰涓嬮檷娌垮悓鏃朵紶杈撹鍙鳳紝榪欏拰DDR璁板繂浣撶殑宸ヤ綔鍘熺悊鏄涓鏍風殑銆備竴涓8浣嶇殑I/O浠嬮潰鍙浠ユ彁渚800MB/s鐨勪紶杈撶巼錛屽洜涓篐yperTransport鍏鋒湁涓や釜鍗曞悜鐨勯摼璺錛屽洜姝ゅ畠鍙浠ユ彁渚1.6GB/s鐨勯戝姐備竴涓16浣嶇殑CPU鍒癈PU涔嬮棿鐨勯摼璺鍙浠ユ彁渚3.2GB/s鐨勯戝斤紝鍙屽悜灝辮兘鎻愪緵6.4GB/s鐨勫甫瀹戒簡銆
HyperTransport鐩鍓嶅湪K8騫沖彴涓婅搗鍒頒紶杈揅PU鍜屼富鏈烘澘鏅剁墖(緇)涔嬮棿璧勬枡鐨勪綔鐢ㄣ傚緢澶氭湅鍙嬮兘瀵硅繖涓奼囨祦鎺掑苟涓嶆劅鍒伴檶鐢燂紝浣嗘槸鍗寸粡甯鎬駭鐢熶笉灝忕殑璇浼氥傛渶甯歌佺殑渚挎槸灝咹yperTransport棰戠巼涓庡墠絝奼囨祦鎺掗戠巼(FSB)鍜屽栭戠浉娣鋒穯銆傚傛煇浜汯8涓繪満鏉跨殑瀹ｄ紶騫垮憡涓婅繖鏍峰湴鎻忚堪錛氣滄湰涓繪満鏉挎敮鎻碏SB 1000MHz鈥濓紝鍏跺疄鍦↘8騫沖彴涓婏紝FSB榪欎釜姒傚康宸茬粡寰堟ā緋婁簡錛氬墠絝奼囨祦鎺掓槸CPU璺熷栫晫娌熼氱殑鍞涓閫氶亾錛屽勭悊鍣ㄥ繀欏婚氳繃瀹冩墠鑳借幏寰楄祫鏂欏拰灝嗚繍綆楃粨鏋滀紶閫佺粰鍏跺畠瀵瑰簲瑁呯疆錛屽寘鎷鍖楁ˉ鏅剁墖鍜岃板繂浣擄紱鑰屽湪K8澶勭悊鍣ㄤ笂錛岃板繂浣撴帶鍒跺櫒闆嗘垚浜嶤PU鍐呴儴錛岃繖鏍稢PU鍙浠ヤ笉閫氳繃鍘熸湁鐨勫墠絝奼囨祦鎺掕岀洿鎺ヤ粠璁板繂浣撹幏寰楄祫鏂欍傚湪AMD閲婂嚭鐨凙thlon64 CPU瑙勬牸琛ㄤ互鍙婂悇涓鏅剁墖緇勫巶鍟嗛噴鍑虹殑鏅剁墖緇勫師鐞嗗浘涓婏紝鎴戜滑鏍規湰灝辯湅涓嶅埌鍓嶇奼囨祦鎺掔殑瀛楁牱銆
CAN奼囨祦鎺掓槸杞﹁澆緗戣礬奼囨祦鎺掍腑鐨勪竴縐嶏紝杞﹁澆奼囨祦鎺掕繕鏈塋IN銆丮OST銆乫laxray銆丆ANFD銆佹眹嫻佹帓鎷撴墤緇撴瀯閫氬父鏄鏍規嵁奼囨祦鎺掕祫璁鐨勫姛鑳藉皢CAN奼囨祦鎺掑垎涓鴻垝閫傦紙杞﹁韓錛塁AN鍜屽姩鍔汣AN錛堝簳鐩橈級銆
鍒2涓鎰忔濇潵鐪嬶細
1錛孭CI奼囨祦鎺掞紝灝辨槸PCI奼囨祦鎺掞紝鐢墊皵鐗規э紝榪欎釜鐧懼害灝辯煡閬撲簡銆
2錛屽崐闀垮崱錛氳繖涓璇寸殑鏄鏉垮崱鐨勯暱搴︼紝鐗╃悊鐗規э紝瀵規瘮鐨勬槸鍏ㄩ暱鍗★紝涓鑸鎴戜滑璇碢CI鍗￠兘鏄鎸囧叏闀垮崱錛屽崐闀垮崱涓昏佹槸鍥犱負鏈変竴浜涚壒瀹氱殑鍦哄悎鎵鐢ㄧ殑璁＄畻鏈哄彈絀洪棿闄愬埗鍥犵礌鑰屼嬌鐢ㄣ傚崐闀垮崱鐨勫昂瀵稿苟涓嶆槸瀹屽叏灝辨槸鍏ㄩ暱鍗＄殑涓鑸錛屼絾鐩稿瑰皬涓浜涳紝鍗犵敤絀洪棿灝忎竴浜涖
奼囨祦鎺掞紝鍗寵＄畻鏈虹郴緇熷悇涓鍏冧歡榪炵嚎鐨勮祫鏂欍佹帶鍒剁嚎璺鐨勬葷О銆
ISA鏄闈炲父鑰佺殑奼囨祦鎺掞紝鏈澶氭敮鎻16bit錛岃祫鏂欓戝借緝浣庯紱EISA鏄疘SA鐨勫炲己錛岃祫鏂欓戝芥湁鎻愬崌錛岃繖涓ょ嶆眹嫻佹帓宸茬粡娣樻卑浜嗐侾CI鏄搴旂敤鏈騫挎硾鐨勬眹嫻佹帓錛屾敮鎻32bit銆64bit璧勬枡錛屾敮鎻33MHz鍀66MHz錛岃祫鏂欓戝借緝楂橈紝浣嗕篃鏄姣旇緝鏃х殑鐨勶紝鏈鏂扮殑錛屾湁PCI-E絳夌瓑銆
浠諱綍涓涓寰澶勭悊鍣ㄩ兘瑕佷笌涓瀹氭暟閲忕殑閮ㄤ歡鍜屽栧洿瑁呯疆榪炵嚎錛屼絾濡傛灉灝嗗悇閮ㄤ歡鍜屾瘡涓縐嶅栧洿瑁呯疆閮藉垎鍒鐢ㄤ竴緇勭嚎璺涓嶤PU鐩存帴榪炵嚎錛岄偅涔堣繛綰垮皢浼氶敊緇煎嶆潅錛岀敋鑷抽毦浠ュ疄鐜般備負浜嗙畝鍖栫‖浣撶數璺璁捐°佺畝鍖栫郴緇熺粨鏋勶紝甯哥敤涓緇勭嚎璺錛岄厤緗浠ラ傚綋鐨勪粙闈㈢數璺錛屼笌鍚勯儴浠跺拰澶栧洿瑁呯疆榪炵嚎錛岃繖緇勫叡鐢ㄧ殑榪炵嚎綰胯礬琚縐頒負奼囨祦鎺掋傞噰鐢ㄦ眹嫻佹帓緇撴瀯渚誇簬閮ㄤ歡鍜岃呯疆鐨勬墿鍏咃紝灝ゅ叾鍒跺畾浜嗙粺涓鐨勬眹嫻佹帓鏍囧噯鍒欏規槗浣誇笉鍚岃呯疆闂村疄鐜頒簰榪炪
----寰鏈轟腑奼囨祦鎺掍竴鑸鏈夊唴閮ㄦ眹嫻佹帓銆佺郴緇熸眹嫻佹帓鍜屽栭儴奼囨祦鎺掋傚唴閮ㄦ眹嫻佹帓鏄寰鏈哄唴閮ㄥ悇澶栧洿鏅剁墖涓庡勭悊鍣ㄤ箣闂寸殑奼囨祦鎺掞紝鐢ㄤ簬鏅剁墖涓綰х殑浜掕繛錛涜岀郴緇熸眹嫻佹帓鏄寰鏈轟腑鍚勫栨寕鏉誇笌緋葷粺鏉誇箣闂寸殑奼囨祦鎺掞紝鐢ㄤ簬澶栨寕鏉誇竴綰х殑浜掕繛錛涘栭儴奼囨祦鎺掑垯鏄寰鏈哄拰澶栭儴瑁呯疆涔嬮棿鐨勬眹嫻佹帓錛屽井鏈轟綔涓轟竴縐嶈呯疆錛岄氳繃璇ユ眹嫻佹帓鍜屽叾浠栬呯疆榪涜岃祫璁涓庤祫鏂欎氦鎹錛屽畠鐢ㄤ簬瑁呯疆涓綰х殑浜掕繛銆
----鍙﹀栵紝浠庡箍涔変笂璇達紝璁＄畻鏈洪氳鏂瑰紡鍙浠ュ垎涓哄苟琛岄氳鍜屽簭鍒楅氳錛岀浉搴旂殑閫氳奼囨祦鎺掕縐頒負騫惰屾眹嫻佹帓鍜屽簭鍒楁眹嫻佹帓銆傚苟琛岄氳閫熷害蹇銆佸疄鏃舵уソ錛屼絾鐢變簬鍗犵敤鐨勫彛綰垮氾紝涓嶉備簬灝忓瀷鍖栦駭鍝侊紱鑰屽簭鍒楅氳閫熺巼鉶戒綆錛屼絾鍦ㄨ祫鏂欓氳鍚炲悙閲忎笉鏄寰堝ぇ鐨勫井澶勭悊鐢佃礬涓鍒欐樉寰楁洿鍔犵畝鏄撱佹柟渚褲佺伒媧匯傚簭鍒楅氳涓鑸鍙鍒嗕負闈炲悓姝ユā寮忓拰鍚屾ユā寮忋
----闅忕潃寰鐢靛瓙鎶鏈鍜岃＄畻鏈烘妧鏈鐨勫彂灞曪紝奼囨祦鎺掓妧鏈涔熷湪涓嶆柇鍦板彂灞曞拰瀹屽杽錛岃屼嬌璁＄畻鏈烘眹嫻佹帓鎶鏈縐嶇被綣佸氾紝鍚勫叿鐗硅壊銆備笅闈浠呭瑰井鏈哄悇綾繪眹嫻佹帓涓鐩鍓嶆瘮杈冩祦琛岀殑奼囨祦鎺掓妧鏈鍒嗗埆鍔犱互浠嬬粛銆
涓銆佸唴閮ㄦ眹嫻佹帓
----1錛嶪2C奼囨祦鎺
----I2C錛圛nter-IC錛夋眹嫻佹帓10澶氬勾鍓嶇敱Philips鍏鍙告帹鍑猴紝鏄榪戝勾鏉ュ湪寰鐢靛瓙閫氳鎺у埗棰嗗煙騫挎硾閲囩敤鐨勪竴縐嶆柊鍨嬫眹嫻佹帓鏍囧噯銆傚畠鏄鍚屾ラ氳鐨勪竴縐嶇壒孌婂艦寮忥紝鍏鋒湁浠嬮潰綰垮皯錛屾帶鍒舵柟寮忕畝鍖栵紝鍣ㄤ歡灝佽呭艦寮忓皬錛岄氳閫熺巼杈冮珮絳変紭鐐廣傚湪涓諱粠閫氳涓錛屽彲浠ユ湁澶氫釜I2C奼囨祦鎺掑櫒浠跺悓鏃舵帴鍒癐2C鎬葷嚎涓婏紝閫氳繃鍦板潃鏉ヨ瘑鍒閫氳鐗╀歡銆
----2錛嶴PI奼囨祦鎺
----搴忓垪澶栧洿瑁呯疆浠嬮潰SPI錛坰erial peripheral interface錛夋眹嫻佹帓鎶鏈鏄疢otorola鍏鍙告帹鍑虹殑涓縐嶅悓姝ュ簭鍒椾粙闈銆侻otorola鍏鍙哥敓浜х殑緇濆ぇ澶氭暟MCU錛堝井鎺у埗鍣錛夐兘閰嶆湁SPI紜浣撲粙闈錛屽68緋誨垪MCU銆係PI奼囨祦鎺掓槸涓縐嶄笁綰垮悓姝ユ眹嫻佹帓錛屽洜鍏剁‖浣撳姛鑳藉緢寮猴紝鎵浠ワ紝涓嶴PI鏈夊叧鐨勮蔣浣撳氨鐩稿綋綆鍗曪紝浣緾PU鏈夋洿澶氱殑鏃墮棿澶勭悊鍏朵粬浜嬪姟銆
----3錛嶴CI奼囨祦鎺
----搴忓垪閫氳浠嬮潰SCI錛坰erial munication interface錛変篃鏄鐢盡otorola鍏鍙告帹鍑虹殑銆傚畠鏄涓縐嶉氱敤闈炲悓姝ラ氳浠嬮潰UART錛屼笌MCS-51鐨勯潪鍚屾ラ氳鍔熻兘鍩烘湰鐩稿悓銆
浜屻佺郴緇熸眹嫻佹帓
----1錛嶪SA奼囨祦鎺
----ISA錛坕nstrial standard architecture錛夋眹嫻佹帓鏍囧噯鏄疘BM 鍏鍙1984騫翠負鎺ㄥ嚭PC/AT鏈鴻屽緩絝嬬殑緋葷粺奼囨祦鎺掓爣鍑嗭紝鎵浠ヤ篃鍙獳T奼囨祦鎺掋傚畠鏄瀵筙T奼囨祦鎺掔殑鎵╁厖濂椾歡錛屼互閫傚簲8/16浣嶈祫鏂欐眹嫻佹帓瑕佹眰銆傚畠鍦80286鑷80486鏃朵唬搴旂敤闈炲父騫挎硾錛屼互鑷充簬鐜板湪濂旇吘鏈轟腑榪樹繚鐣欐湁ISA奼囨祦鎺掓彃妲姐侷SA奼囨祦鎺掓湁98鍙寮曡剼銆
----2錛嶦ISA奼囨祦鎺
----EISA奼囨祦鎺掓槸1988騫寸敱Compaq絳9瀹跺叕鍙歌仈鍚堟帹鍑虹殑奼囨祦鎺掓爣鍑嗐傚畠鏄鍦↖SA奼囨祦鎺掔殑鍩虹涓婁嬌鐢ㄥ弻灞傛彃搴э紝鍦ㄥ師鏉ISA奼囨祦鎺掔殑98鏉¤鍙風嚎涓婂張澧炲姞浜98鏉¤鍙風嚎錛屼篃灝辨槸鍦ㄤ袱鏉ISA璁鍙風嚎涔嬮棿鏂板炰竴鏉EISA璁鍙風嚎銆傚湪瀹炵敤涓錛孍ISA奼囨祦鎺掑畬鍏ㄧ浉瀹笽SA奼囨祦鎺掕鍙楓
----3錛嶸ESA奼囨祦鎺
----VESA錛坴ideo electronics standard association錛夋眹嫻佹帓鏄 1992騫寸敱60瀹墮檮浠跺崱鍒墮犲晢鑱斿悎鎺ㄥ嚭鐨勪竴縐嶅尯鍩熸ф眹嫻佹帓錛岀畝縐頒負VL(VESA local bus)奼囨祦鎺掋傚畠鐨勬帹鍑轟負寰鏈虹郴緇熸眹嫻佹帓浣撶郴緇撴瀯鐨勯潻鏂板犲畾浜嗗熀紜銆傝ユ眹嫻佹帓緋葷粺鑰冭檻鍒癈PU涓庝富瀛樺拰Cache 鐨勭洿鎺ョ浉榪烇紝閫氬父鎶婅繖閮ㄥ垎奼囨祦鎺掔О涓篊PU奼囨祦鎺掓垨涓繪眹嫻佹帓錛屽叾浠栬呯疆閫氳繃VL奼囨祦鎺掍笌CPU奼囨祦鎺掔浉榪烇紝鎵浠VL奼囨祦鎺掕縐頒負鍖哄煙鎬ф眹嫻佹帓銆傚畠瀹氫箟浜32浣嶈祫鏂欑嚎錛屼笖鍙閫氳繃鎵╁厖濂椾歡妲芥墿鍏呭椾歡鍒64 浣嶏紝浣跨敤33MHz鏃墮挓棰戠巼錛屾渶澶т紶杈撶巼杈132MB/s錛屽彲涓嶤PU鍚屾ュ伐浣溿傛槸涓縐嶉珮閫熴侀珮鏁堢殑鍖哄煙鎬ф眹嫻佹帓錛屽彲鏀鎻386SX銆386DX銆486SX銆486DX鍙婂旇吘寰澶勭悊鍣ㄣ
----4錛嶱CI奼囨祦鎺
----PCI錛坧eripheral ponent interconnect錛夋眹嫻佹帓鏄褰撳墠鏈嫻佽岀殑奼囨祦鎺掍箣涓錛屽畠鏄鐢盜ntel鍏鍙告帹鍑虹殑涓縐嶅尯鍩熸ф眹嫻佹帓銆傚畠瀹氫箟浜32浣嶈祫鏂欐眹嫻佹帓錛屼笖鍙鎵╁厖濂椾歡涓64浣嶃侾CI奼囨祦鎺掍富鏈烘澘鎻掓Ы鐨勪綋縐姣斿師ISA奼囨祦鎺掓彃妲借繕灝忥紝鍏跺姛鑳芥瘮VESA銆両SA鏈夋瀬澶х殑鏀瑰杽錛屾敮鎻寸獊鍙戣誨啓鎿嶄綔錛屾渶澶т紶杈撻熺巼鍙杈132MB/s錛屽彲鍚屾椂鏀鎻村氱粍澶栧洿瑁呯疆銆 PCI鍖哄煙鎬ф眹嫻佹帓涓嶈兘鐩稿圭幇鏈夌殑ISA銆丒ISA銆丮CA錛坢icro channel architecture錛夋眹嫻佹帓錛屼絾瀹冧笉鍙楀埗浜庡勭悊鍣錛屾槸鍩轟簬濂旇吘絳夋柊涓浠ｅ井澶勭悊鍣ㄨ屽彂灞曠殑奼囨祦鎺掋
----5錛嶤ompact PCI
----浠ヤ笂鎵鍒椾婦鐨勫嚑縐嶇郴緇熸眹嫻佹帓涓鑸閮界敤浜庡晢鐢≒C鏈轟腑錛屽湪璁＄畻鏈虹郴緇熸眹嫻佹帓涓錛岃繕鏈夊彟涓澶х被涓洪傚簲宸ヤ笟鐜板満鐜澧冭岃捐＄殑緋葷粺奼囨祦鎺掞紝姣斿係TD奼囨祦鎺掋 VME奼囨祦鎺掋丳C/104奼囨祦鎺掔瓑銆傝繖閲屼粎浠嬬粛褰撳墠宸ヤ笟璁＄畻鏈虹殑鐑闂ㄦ眹嫻佹帓涔嬩竴鈥斺擟ompact PCI銆
----Compact PCI鐨勬剰鎬濇槸鈥滃潥瀹炵殑PCI鈥濓紝鏄褰撲粖絎涓涓閲囩敤鏃犳簮奼囨祦鎺掑簳鏉跨粨鏋勭殑PCI緋葷粺錛屾槸PCI奼囨祦鎺掔殑鐢墊皵鍜岃蔣浣撴爣鍑嗗姞嬈у紡鍗＄殑宸ヤ笟緇勮呮爣鍑嗭紝鏄褰撲粖鏈鏂扮殑涓縐嶅伐涓氳＄畻鏈烘爣鍑嗐侰ompact PCI鏄鍦ㄥ師鏉PCI奼囨祦鎺掑熀紜涓婃敼閫犺屾潵錛屽畠鍒╃敤PCI鐨勪紭鐐癸紝鎻愪緵婊¤凍宸ヤ笟鐜澧冨簲鐢ㄨ佹眰鐨勯珮鏁堣兘鏍稿績緋葷粺錛屽悓鏃惰繕鑰冭檻鍏呭垎鍒╃敤浼犵粺鐨勬眹嫻佹帓浜у搧錛屽侷SA銆丼TD銆乂ME鎴朠C/104鏉ユ墿鍏呯郴緇熺殑I/O鍜屽叾浠栧姛鑳姐
涓夈佸栭儴奼囨祦鎺
----1錛嶳S-232-C奼囨祦鎺
----RS-232-C鏄緹庡浗鐢靛瓙宸ヤ笟鍗忎細EIA錛圗lectronic Instry Association錛夊埗瀹氱殑涓縐嶅簭鍒楃墿鐞嗕粙闈㈡爣鍑嗐俁S鏄鑻辨枃鈥滄帹鑽愭爣鍑嗏濈殑緙╁啓錛232涓烘爣璇嗗彿錛孋琛ㄧず淇鏀規℃暟銆俁S-232-C奼囨祦鎺掓爣鍑嗚炬湁25鏉¤鍙風嚎錛屽寘鎷涓涓涓婚氶亾鍜屼竴涓杈呭姪閫氶亾錛屽湪澶氭暟鎯呭喌涓嬩富瑕佷嬌鐢ㄤ富閫氶亾錛屽逛簬涓鑸鍙屽伐閫氳錛屼粎闇鍑犳潯璁鍙風嚎灝卞彲瀹炵幇錛屽備竴鏉′紶閫佺嚎銆佷竴鏉℃帴鏀剁嚎鍙婁竴鏉″湴綰褲俁S-232-C鏍囧噯瑙勫畾鐨勮祫鏂欎紶杈撻熺巼涓烘瘡縐50銆75銆 100銆150銆300銆600銆1200銆2400銆4800銆9600銆19200娉㈢壒銆俁S-232-C鏍囧噯瑙勫畾錛岄┍鍔ㄥ櫒鍏佽告湁2500pF鐨勭數瀹硅礋杞斤紝閫氳璺濈誨皢鍙楁ょ數瀹歸檺鍒訛紝渚嬪傦紝閲囩敤150pF/m鐨勯氳鐢電紗鏃訛紝鏈澶ч氳璺濈諱負15m錛涜嫢姣忕背鐢電紗鐨勭數瀹歸噺鍑忓皬錛岄氳璺濈誨彲浠ュ炲姞銆備紶杈撹窛紱葷煭鐨勫彟涓鍘熷洜鏄疪S-232灞炲崟絝璁鍙蜂紶閫侊紝瀛樺湪鍏卞湴鍣澹板拰涓嶈兘鎶戝埗鍏辨ā騫叉壈絳夐棶棰橈紝鍥犳や竴鑸鐢ㄤ簬20m浠ュ唴鐨勯氳銆
----2錛嶳S-485奼囨祦鎺
----鍦ㄨ佹眰閫氳璺濈諱負鍑犲嶮綾沖埌涓婂崈綾蟲椂錛屽箍娉涢噰鐢≧S-485 搴忓垪奼囨祦鎺掓爣鍑嗐俁S-485閲囩敤騫寵浼犻佸拰宸鍒嗘帴鏀訛紝鍥犳ゅ叿鏈夋姂鍒跺叡妯″共鎵扮殑鑳藉姏銆傚姞涓婃眹嫻佹帓鏀跺彂鍣ㄥ叿鏈夐珮鐏墊晱搴︼紝鑳芥嫻嬩綆鑷200mV鐨勭數鍘嬶紝鏁呬紶杈撹鍙瘋兘鍦ㄥ崈綾充互澶栧緱鍒版仮澶嶃 RS-485閲囩敤鍗婂弻宸ュ伐浣滄柟寮忥紝浠諱綍鏃跺欏彧鑳芥湁涓鐐瑰勪簬浼犻佺姸鎬侊紝鍥犳わ紝浼犻佺數璺欏葷敱浣胯兘璁鍙峰姞浠ユ帶鍒躲俁S-485鐢ㄤ簬澶氱偣浜掕繛鏃墮潪甯告柟渚匡紝鍙浠ョ渷鎺夎稿氳鍙風嚎銆傚簲鐢≧S-485 鍙浠ヨ仈緗戞瀯鎴愬垎鏁ｅ紡緋葷粺錛屽叾鍏佽告渶澶氬苟鑱32鍙伴┍鍔ㄥ櫒鍜32鍙版帴鏀跺櫒銆
----3錛嶪EEE-488奼囨祦鎺
----涓婅堪涓ょ嶅栭儴奼囨祦鎺掓槸搴忓垪奼囨祦鎺掞紝鑰孖EEE-488 奼囨祦鎺掓槸騫惰屾眹嫻佹帓浠嬮潰鏍囧噯銆侷EEE-488奼囨祦鎺掔敤鏉ヨ繛綰跨郴緇燂紝濡傚井璁＄畻鏈恆佹暟瀛楃數鍘嬭〃銆佹暟鐮佹樉紺哄櫒絳夎呯疆鍙婂叾浠栦華鍣ㄤ華琛ㄥ潎鍙鐢↖EEE-488奼囨祦鎺掕呴厤璧鋒潵銆傚畠鎸夌収浣嶅苟琛屻佷綅鍏冪粍搴忓垪鍙屽悜闈炲悓姝ユ柟寮忎紶杈撹鍙鳳紝榪炵嚎鏂瑰紡涓烘眹嫻佹帓鏂瑰紡錛屼華鍣ㄨ呯疆鐩存帴騫惰仈浜庢葷嚎涓婅屼笉闇涓浠嬪崟鍏冿紝浣嗘葷嚎涓婃渶澶氬彲榪炵嚎15鍙拌呯疆銆傛渶澶т紶杈撹窛紱諱負20綾籌紝璁鍙蜂紶杈撻熷害涓鑸涓500KB/s錛屾渶澶т紶杈撻熷害涓1MB/s銆
----4錛嶶SB奼囨祦鎺
---閫氱敤搴忓垪奼囨祦鎺扷SB錛坲niversal serial bus錛夋槸鐢盜ntel銆 Compaq銆丏igital銆両BM銆丮icrosoft銆丯EC銆丯orthern Tele絳7瀹朵笘鐣岃憲鍚嶇殑璁＄畻鏈哄拰閫氳鍏鍙稿叡鍚屾帹鍑虹殑涓縐嶆柊鍨嬩粙闈㈡爣鍑嗐傚畠鍩轟簬閫氱敤榪炵嚎鎶鏈錛屽疄鐜板栬劇殑綆鍗曞揩閫熻繛綰匡紝杈懼埌鏂逛究浣跨敤鑰呫侀檷浣庢垚鏈銆佹墿鍏呭椾歡PC榪炵嚎澶栬捐寖鍥寸殑鐩鐨勩傚畠鍙浠ヤ負澶栬炬彁渚涚數婧愶紝鑰屼笉鍍忔櫘閫氱殑浣跨敤涓層佸苟鍙ｇ殑瑁呯疆闇瑕佸崟鐙鐨勪緵鐢電郴緇熴傚彟澶栵紝蹇閫熸槸USB鎶鏈鐨勭獊鍑虹壒鐐逛箣涓錛孶SB鐨勬渶楂樹紶杈撶巼鍙杈12Mbps姣斾覆鍒楀煚蹇100鍊嶏紝姣斿苟鍙ｅ揩榪10鍊嶏紝鑰屼笖USB榪樿兘鏀鎻村氬獟浣
2. 璇烽棶浠ヤ笅緙╁啓鐨勬槸鍏鍙哥殑浠涔堥儴闂 GM QMR QM SS HR AD PD PC PE PI ST EN MM
GM(General Manager鎬葷粡鐞嗭紝鏄鑻卞紡璇存硶錛岀編鍥戒竴鑸鐢–EO)
QMR(Quality Management Representitive璐ㄩ噺綆＄悊浠ｈ〃)
QM(Quality Management璐ㄩ噺綆＄悊)
SS()
HR(Human Resources)
AD(騫垮憡閮)
PD(Proct Department鐢熶駭閮)
PC錛圥roct Control?榪欎釜涓嶇『瀹氾級
PE(professional engineer ?涓撲笟宸ョ▼甯堬紵涓嶇『瀹)
PI錛坧rivate investigator縐佷漢璋冩煡鍛橈紵涓嶇『瀹氾級
ST錛堬級
EN
MM
鍏朵粬閮戒笉鐭ラ亾